Meanwhile, another way that the capitalists add value to their products is through the externalization of costs. Basically, they’re not paying the full production costs for the commodities. Pollution from the production process is discharged into the environment. The numerous and serious consequences of this, never mind the cleanup which never happens, are not paid for by the capitalist who caused the problem, but by us, by society as a whole, and by all the living beings on Earth who are affected.